Hypothyroidism (Underactive Thyroid): Cov tsos mob, ua rau, kuaj, kho

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Hypothyroidism (Underactive Thyroid): Cov tsos mob, ua rau, kuaj, kho
Hypothyroidism (Underactive Thyroid): Cov tsos mob, ua rau, kuaj, kho
Anonim

Hypothyroidism yog dab tsi?

Hypothyroidism, tseem hu ua cov kab mob thyroid tsis ua haujlwm, yog ib qho teeb meem tshwm sim. Nrog hypothyroidism, koj cov thyroid caj pas tsis tsim cov thyroid hormone txaus.

Cov thyroid caj pas nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm koj lub caj dab. Cov tshuaj hormones tso tawm los ntawm lub caj pas mus los ntawm koj cov hlab ntsha thiab cuam tshuam rau txhua qhov ntawm koj lub cev, ntawm koj lub plawv thiab hlwb, mus rau koj cov leeg thiab tawv nqaij.

Cov thyroid
Cov thyroid

Cov thyroid tswj yuav ua li cas koj lub cev lub hlwb siv lub zog los ntawm cov zaub mov, txheej txheem hu ua metabolism. Ntawm lwm yam, koj cov metabolism cuam tshuam rau koj lub cev kub, koj lub plawv dhia, thiab koj hlawv calories npaum li cas. Yog tias koj tsis muaj cov thyroid hormone txaus, koj lub cev ua haujlwm qeeb. Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias koj lub cev ua rau lub zog tsawg dua, thiab koj cov metabolism hauv qeeb.

Cov tsos mob ntawm Hypothyroidism

Cov tsos mob ntawm hypothyroidism yuav tsis meej thiab feem ntau tuaj yeem ua rau lwm yam mob. Tej zaum lawv yuav muaj xws li:

  • Kev hloov pauv hauv kev coj khaub ncaws
  • Kev cem quav
  • Kev nyuaj siab
  • plaub hau qhuav thiab plaub hau poob
  • tawv nqaij
  • Nyob
  • Zoo rhiab heev rau qhov txias
  • mob pob qij txha, txhav, thiab o
  • Teeb meem nrog nco
  • mob plab thiab txhav
  • Cov leeg tsis muaj zog
  • ntsej muag ntsej muag
  • Slow heart rate
  • o ntawm cov thyroid caj pas (goiter)
  • Tsis piav qhia qhov hnyav nce lossis nyuaj poob phaus
  • Carpal qhov syndrome

Cov menyuam mos uas muaj cov thyroid caj pas yuav tsis muaj tsos mob. Yog tias cov tsos mob tshwm sim, lawv tuaj yeem suav nrog:

  • Kev cem quav
  • tsaug zog heev
  • Me me lossis tsis loj hlob
  • Low muscle tone (floppy me nyuam mos)
  • Persistent jaundice (daj ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab qhov muag dawb)
  • noj tsis zoo
  • ntsej muag ntsej muag
  • plab plab
  • Ntsuag nplaig
  • Umbilical hernia

Teem sijhawm nrog koj tus kws kho mob yog tias koj lossis koj tus menyuam muaj cov tsos mob no. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias cov tsos mob no tuaj yeem yog vim muaj lwm yam mob.

Cov menyuam yaus thiab cov hluas kuj tseem tuaj yeem muaj hypothyroidism nrog cov tsos mob thiab cov tsos mob pom hauv cov neeg laus. Cov menyuam yaus thiab cov hluas kuj muaj:

  • Nyob rau hauv puberty
  • ncua kev loj hlob thiab luv luv stature
  • Slow mental development
  • Kev loj hlob qeeb ntawm cov hniav mus tas li

Caus ntawm Hypothyroidism

Feem ntau ua rau hypothyroidism yog Hashimoto's thyroiditis. "Thyroiditis" yog ib qho mob ntawm cov thyroid caj pas. Hashimoto's thyroiditis yog ib qho mob autoimmune. Nrog Hashimoto's, koj lub cev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas tawm tsam thiab rhuav tshem cov thyroid caj pas. Thyroiditis kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev kis kab mob.

Lwm yam ua rau hypothyroidism suav nrog:

  • Kev kho hluav taws xob rau ntawm caj dab. Kev kho qee yam qog noj ntshav, xws li lymphoma, yuav tsum tau hluav taws xob rau lub caj dab. Radiation ua rau cov hlwb hauv cov thyroid. Qhov no ua rau nws nyuaj rau lub caj pas los tsim cov tshuaj hormones.
  • Kev kho hluav taws xob iodine. Kev kho mob no feem ntau yog muab rau cov neeg uas muaj cov thyroid caj pas ntau dhau, ib yam mob hu ua hyperthyroidism. Txawm li cas los xij, hluav taws xob rhuav tshem cov hlwb hauv cov thyroid caj pas. Qhov no feem ntau ua rau hypothyroidism.
  • Kev siv qee yam tshuaj. Qee cov tshuaj kho mob plawv, mob hlwb, thiab mob qog noj ntshav qee zaum cuam tshuam rau kev tsim cov thyroid hormones. Cov no suav nrog amiodarone (Cordarone, Pacerone), interferon alpha, thiab interleukin-2.
  • Kev phais thyroid. Kev phais tshem tawm cov thyroid yuav ua rau hypothyroidism. Yog tias tsuas yog ib feem ntawm cov thyroid raug tshem tawm, cov qog seem tseem tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuaj hormones txaus rau lub cev xav tau.
  • Iodine tsawg dhau hauv kev noj haus. Cov thyroid xav tau iodine los tsim cov thyroid hormone. Koj lub cev tsis ua iodine, yog li koj yuav tsum tau txais nws los ntawm koj cov khoom noj. Iodized rooj ntsev yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv iodine. Lwm cov khoom noj ntawm iodine muaj xws li cov ntses, ntses ntses, qe, khoom noj siv mis, thiab seaweed. Tsis muaj iodine yog qhov tsawg hauv Asmeskas
  • Pregnancy. Yog vim li cas tsis paub meej, tab sis qee zaum, kev mob ntawm cov thyroid tshwm sim tom qab cev xeeb tub. Qhov no hu ua postpartum thyroiditis. Cov poj niam uas muaj tus mob no feem ntau muaj kev nce siab hauv cov thyroid hormones ua raws li kev poob qis hauv cov thyroid hormone ntau lawm. Feem ntau cov poj niam uas muaj cov thyroiditis tom qab yug me nyuam yuav rov ua tau lawv cov thyroid ua haujlwm.
  • Teeb meem nrog cov thyroid thaum yug los. Qee tus menyuam yaus yuav yug los nrog cov thyroid caj pas uas tsis tsim nyog lossis ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Hom hypothyroidism no hu ua congenital hypothyroidism. Feem ntau lub tsev kho mob hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas tshuaj xyuas cov menyuam mos thaum yug los rau tus kab mob no.
  • pituitary caj pas puas lossis teeb meem. Tsis tshua muaj, qhov teeb meem ntawm lub caj pas pituitary tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim cov thyroid hormone. Lub caj pas pituitary ua rau cov tshuaj hormones, hu ua thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), uas qhia koj cov thyroid ntau npaum li cas nws yuav tsum tsim thiab tso tawm.
  • Kev mob ntawm hypothalamus. Ib hom tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim ntawm hypothyroidism tuaj yeem tshwm sim yog tias hypothalamus hauv hlwb tsis tsim cov tshuaj hormone hu ua TRH txaus. TRH cuam tshuam qhov kev tso tawm ntawm TSH los ntawm lub qog pituitary.

Primary hypothyroidism yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov teeb meem ntawm cov thyroid caj pas nws tus kheej.

Secondary hypothyroidism tshwm sim thaum lwm qhov teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog cov thyroid lub peev xwm tsim cov tshuaj hormones. Piv txwv li, lub caj pas pituitary lossis hypothalamus tsim cov tshuaj hormones uas ua rau kev tso tawm cov thyroid hormones. Ib qho teeb meem nrog ib qho ntawm cov qog no tuaj yeem ua rau koj cov thyroid tsis ua haujlwm.

Qee zaus, cov thyroid tsis ua haujlwm uas tshwm sim los ntawm qhov teeb meem nrog lub hypothalamus hu ua tertiary hypothyroidism.

Hypothyroidism Risk Factors

Cov poj niam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov poj niam laus, feem ntau yuav tsim cov thyroid caj pas ntau dua li cov txiv neej. Koj kuj tseem yuav muaj tus mob hypothyroidism ntau dua yog tias koj muaj ib tsev neeg nyob ze nrog tus kab mob autoimmune. Lwm yam kev pheej hmoo suav nrog:

  • Hmoob (ua dawb lossis neeg Esxias)
  • Hnub nyoog (loj hlob)
  • plaub hau grey ua ntej
  • Cov kab mob autoimmune xws li mob ntshav qab zib hom 1, ntau yam sclerosis, mob caj dab rheumatoid, kab mob celiac, Addison's disease, pernicious anemia, lossis vitiligo
  • Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsa phooj ywg sawv daws.

  • Down Syndrome
  • YTurner Syndrome

Kev kuaj mob ntawm hypothyroidism

Yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob ntawm hypothyroidism, koj tus kws kho mob yuav xaj kom kuaj ntshav txhawm rau kuaj cov tshuaj hormones. Cov no yuav suav nrog:

  • Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH)
  • T4 (thyroxine)

T4 qis dua li qub feem ntau txhais tau tias koj muaj hypothyroidism. Txawm li cas los xij, qee tus neeg tuaj yeem nce TSH qib thaum muaj T4 li qub. Qhov no hu ua subclinical (mob) hypothyroidism. Nws ntseeg tau tias yog theem pib ntawm hypothyroidism.

Yog tias koj qhov kev kuaj pom lossis kuaj lub cev ntawm cov thyroid yog qhov txawv txav, koj tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem xaj cov thyroid ultrasound, lossis thyroid scan, txhawm rau kuaj cov nodules lossis o.

YHypothyroidism Treatment

Yog tias koj muaj hypothyroidism, koj tus kws kho mob yuav sau tshuaj hluavtaws (tib neeg tsim) thyroid hormone T4. Koj noj cov tshuaj no txhua hnub. Qee cov tshuaj muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam nrog koj lub cev nqus cov thyroid hormones li cas. Xyuas kom koj tus kws kho mob paub txog txhua yam tshuaj, tshuaj ntsuab, thiab tshuaj ntxiv uas koj noj, suav nrog cov khoom muag tom khw.

Koj yuav tsum tau kuaj ntshav tsis tu ncua txhawm rau kuaj koj cov thyroid hormone theem. Tej zaum koj tus kws kho mob yuav tau kho koj cov tshuaj noj ib ntus.

Nws yuav siv sij hawm me ntsis los txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm cov thyroid hormone uas koj xav tau. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav muab koj cov ntshav kuaj xyuas koj qib TSH qib 6 txog 8 lub lis piam tom qab koj pib noj cov tshuaj hormones hluavtaws, thiab tom qab ntawd ib zaug txhua 6 lub hlis.

Yog tias koj qhov koob tshuaj ntau dhau thiab koj tau txais cov tshuaj hormones ntau dhau, koj tuaj yeem muaj cov teebmeem no:

  • qab zib nce
  • Tsis tsaug zog
  • Lub plawv dhia
  • Txhob Cia Siab

Cov neeg mob hypothyroidism lossis kab mob hauv lub plawv tuaj yeem pib nrog cov tshuaj hormones hluavtaws tsawg, thiab tom qab ntawd maj mam nce cov nyiaj kom lawv lub siab hloov mus rau nws.

Thaum koj tau noj tshuaj kom raug, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj kev phiv los ntawm koj cov tshuaj hormones. Tab sis tsis txhob tso tseg lossis hla koj cov tshuaj, vim tias koj cov tsos mob hypothyroidism tuaj yeem rov qab los.

Yog tias koj nce lossis poob txawm tias ntau npaum li 10 phaus ntawm lub cev hnyav, koj yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas koj cov qib TSH ntxiv kom pom tias koj cov tshuaj hormones yuav tsum tau kho.

Cov Teeb Meem ntawm Hypothyroidism

Tsis kho, hypothyroidism yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem, xws li:

  • teeb meem sib npaug. Cov poj niam laus muaj kev pheej hmoo ntxiv rau cov teeb meem sib npaug yog tias lawv cov thyroid hormone qis dhau.
  • Goiter. Yog tias koj cov thyroid ib txwm sim tsim cov tshuaj hormones ntau, lub caj pas tuaj yeem o thiab hloov koj lub caj dab. Tej zaum koj kuj yuav muaj teeb meem nqos.
  • teeb meem plawv. Hypothyroidism ua rau koj muaj kev pheej hmoo ntau dua rau kab mob plawv thiab tuaj yeem nce qib LDL lossis "phem" cholesterol.
  • Infertility. Cov thyroid hormone tsawg dhau tuaj yeem cuam tshuam koj cov qe qe (ovulation) thiab ua rau nws nyuaj rau xeeb tub.
  • mob pob qij txha. Cov thyroid hormone tsawg tuaj yeem ua rau koj mob thiab mob hauv koj cov pob qij txha thiab cov leeg, nrog rau cov leeg nqaij.
  • teeb meem kev puas siab puas ntsws. Cov thyroid hormones qis tuaj yeem ua rau kev nco lossis kev xav tsis zoo, nrog rau kev tsis txaus siab rau cov dej num uas koj tau nyiam. Mus ntsib koj tus kws kho mob yog tias koj pom cov kev hloov pauv no, vim lawv kuj tuaj yeem yog vim kev nyuaj siab tsis cuam tshuam nrog koj cov thyroid.
  • Obesity. Txawm hais tias hypothyroidism tuaj yeem txwv koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv, koj tuaj yeem nce qhov hnyav vim tias koj cov metabolism qeeb dhau, thiab koj tsis hlawv calories txaus.
  • Peripheral neuropathy. Sij hawm dhau mus, cov thyroid hormones qis tuaj yeem ua rau koj cov hlab ntsha peripheral. Koj tuaj yeem pom qhov mob, tingling, lossis loog hauv koj txhais ceg.

Cov teeb meem thyroid hauv tus poj niam cev xeeb tub tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau tus menyuam loj hlob. Thaum thawj peb lub hlis ntawm cev xeeb tub, tus menyuam tau txais tag nrho cov thyroid hormones los ntawm nws niam. Yog tias leej niam muaj hypothyroidism, tus me nyuam tsis tau txais cov thyroid hormone txaus. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem nrog kev loj hlob ntawm hlwb.

Cov thyroid hormones qis heev tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau lub neej hu ua myxedema. Myxedema yog hom mob hnyav tshaj plaws ntawm hypothyroidism. Ib tug neeg uas muaj myxedema tuaj yeem tsis nco qab lossis nkag mus rau hauv coma. Tus mob no tseem tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev kub qis heev, uas tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus.

Pom zoo:

Nthuav cov khoom
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Koj tus menyuam kawm taug kev tuaj yeem yog qee lub sijhawm zoo siab tshaj plaws thiab nco txog lub sijhawm niam txiv. Txij li thaum tseem hluas, koj tus menyuam yaus ntxiv dag zog rau lawv cov leeg, maj mam npaj ua thawj kauj ruam. Feem ntau ntawm 6 thiab 13 lub hlis, koj tus menyuam yuav nkag mus.

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Thaum koj tus menyuam yug los, koj tuaj yeem tau txais daim ntawv qhia los taug qab koj tus menyuam cov ntaub so ntswg ntub dej thaum koj nyob ntawd. Cov kws kho mob xav kom paub tseeb tias muaj pes tsawg tus ntawm txhua hom pawm kom lawv paub tias koj tus menyuam tau kis cov khoom pov tseg hauv lawv lub cev thiab tshem tawm.