Human Anatomy: Ntshav - Cells, Plasma, Circulation, thiab ntau dua

Cov txheej txheem:

Human Anatomy: Ntshav - Cells, Plasma, Circulation, thiab ntau dua
Human Anatomy: Ntshav - Cells, Plasma, Circulation, thiab ntau dua
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Piv txwv ntshav
Piv txwv ntshav

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Ntshav yog cov kua dej tas li uas muab lub cev nrog kev noj haus, oxygen, thiab tshem tawm cov khoom pov tseg. Cov ntshav feem ntau yog kua, nrog ntau lub hlwb thiab cov proteins raug tshem tawm hauv nws, ua rau cov ntshav "tuab" dua li cov dej ntshiab. Tus neeg nruab nrab muaj li 5 litres (ntau tshaj ib nkas loos) ntshav.

Ib tug kua hu ua plasma ua li ib nrab ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntshav. Plasma muaj cov proteins uas pab cov ntshav txhaws, thauj khoom los ntawm cov ntshav, thiab ua lwm yam haujlwm. Ntshav plasma kuj muaj cov piam thaj thiab lwm cov khoom noj uas yaj.

Hais txog ib nrab ntawm cov ntshav ntim yog tsim los ntawm cov qe ntshav:

• cov qe ntshav liab, uas nqa oxygen mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg

• cov qe ntshav dawb, uas tiv thaiv kab mob

• Platelets, me me uas pab cov ntshav txhaws

Ntshav yog ua los ntawm cov hlab ntsha (cov hlab ntsha thiab cov hlab ntsha). Cov ntshav yog tiv thaiv los ntawm txhaws hauv cov hlab ntsha los ntawm lawv cov smoothness, thiab qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm cov ntshav txhaws.

Ntshav Qab Zib

  • Hemorrhage (los ntshav): Cov ntshav tawm ntawm cov hlab ntsha tuaj yeem pom tseeb, xws li los ntawm qhov txhab nkag mus rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Los ntshav sab hauv (xws li mus rau hauv txoj hnyuv, lossis tom qab tsheb sib tsoo) yuav tsis tshwm sim tam sim ntawd.
  • Hematoma: Ib qho kev sib sau ntawm cov ntshav hauv lub cev cov ntaub so ntswg. Los ntshav sab hauv feem ntau ua rau hematoma.
  • Leukemia: Ib hom mob qog nqaij hlav hauv ntshav, uas cov qe ntshav dawb sib faib ua ntu zus thiab nthuav dav hauv cov ntshav. Cov qe ntshav dawb txawv txav ua rau muaj mob los ntawm kev kis kab mob yooj yim dua li qub.
  • Multiple myeloma: Ib hom mob qog noj ntshav ntawm cov ntshav plasma zoo ib yam li leukemia. Anemia, raum tsis ua haujlwm thiab cov ntshav calcium ntau ntau yog tshwm sim hauv ntau yam myeloma.
  • Lymphoma: Ib hom mob qog noj ntshav, uas cov qe ntshav dawb sib txawv hauv cov qog ntshav thiab lwm cov ntaub so ntswg. Cov ntaub so ntswg loj, thiab cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntshav ua haujlwm, tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev tsis ua haujlwm.
  • Anemia: Cov qe ntshav liab tsawg tsawg hauv cov ntshav. Kev qaug zog thiab ua tsis taus pa tuaj yeem ua rau, txawm tias mob ntshav qab zib feem ntau ua rau tsis muaj tsos mob tshwm sim.
  • Hemolytic anemia: ntshav liab tshwm sim los ntawm kev tawg sai ntawm cov qe ntshav liab ntau (hemolysis). Kev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis ua haujlwm yog ib qho ua rau.
  • Hemochromatosis: Ib qho teeb meem ua rau muaj cov hlau ntau hauv cov ntshav. Cov hlau tso rau hauv daim siab, txiav thiab lwm yam kabmob, ua rau muaj teeb meem rau daim siab thiab ntshav qab zib.
  • Kab mob Sickle cell: Ib hom kab mob uas cov qe ntshav liab poob lawv cov duab zoo (zoo li cov kab mob, tsis yog cov discs). Cov qe ntshav deformed tso rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg, ua rau mob thiab lub cev puas tsuaj.
  • Bacteremia: Kab mob kab mob ntawm cov ntshav. Cov ntshav kis mob hnyav, thiab feem ntau yuav tsum tau mus pw hauv tsev kho mob thiab txuas ntxiv tshuaj tua kab mob rau hauv cov leeg.
  • Malaria: Kab mob ntawm cov qe ntshav liab los ntawm Plasmodium, kab mob cab kis los ntawm yoov tshaj cum. Malaria ua rau kub taub hau, ua daus no, thiab ua rau lub cev puas tsuaj.
  • Thrombocytopenia: Tsis tshua muaj pes tsawg tus platelets hauv cov ntshav. Kev mob thrombocytopenia hnyav tuaj yeem ua rau los ntshav.
  • Leukopenia: Cov qe ntshav dawb hauv cov ntshav tsawg tsawg. Leukopenia tuaj yeem ua rau nyuaj rau kev sib ntaus sib tua.
  • Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC): Cov txheej txheem tswj tsis tau ib txhij los ntshav thiab txhaws hauv cov hlab ntsha me me. DIC feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm kev kis mob hnyav lossis mob qog noj ntshav.
  • Hemophilia: Ib qho kev hloov pauv (genetic) tsis txaus ntawm qee cov ntshav txhaws proteins. Kev los ntshav ntau zaus lossis tswj tsis tau tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm hemophilia.
  • Hypercoaguable xeev: Ntau yam mob tuaj yeem ua rau cov ntshav ua rau txhaws. Lub plawv nres, mob stroke, lossis ntshav txhaws hauv ob txhais ceg lossis lub ntsws tuaj yeem ua rau.
  • Polycythemia: Feem ntau cov qe ntshav liab hauv cov ntshav muaj ntau ntau. Polycythemia tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm cov ntshav qis qis, lossis tuaj yeem tshwm sim raws li mob qog noj ntshav.
  • Deep venous thrombosis (DVT): Cov ntshav txhaws hauv cov hlab ntsha sib sib zog nqus, feem ntau hauv ceg. DVTs yog qhov txaus ntshai vim tias lawv tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm thiab taug kev mus rau hauv lub ntsws, ua rau pulmonary embolism (PE).
  • Myocardial infarction (MI): Feem ntau hu ua mob plawv, myocardial infarction tshwm sim thaum cov ntshav txhaws tshwm sim hauv ib qho ntawm cov hlab ntsha, uas muab cov ntshav rau lub plawv.

kuaj ntshav

  • Ua tiav cov ntshav: Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov ntshav liab, cov qe ntshav dawb, thiab cov platelets hauv cov ntshav. Automated cell suav ua qhov kev sim no.

    www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/complete-blood-count-cbc

  • Ntshav smear: Cov ntshav poob qis yog smeared thoob plaws lub tshuab tsom iav, kom kuaj xyuas los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij hauv chav kuaj. Leukemia, anemia, malaria, thiab ntau lwm yam ntshav tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas nrog cov ntshav smear.
  • hom ntshav: Ib qho kev sim rau kev sib raug zoo ua ntej tau txais cov ntshav. Cov ntshav loj (A, B, AB, thiab O) yog txiav txim los ntawm cov cim protein (antigens) uas muaj nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov ntshav liab.
  • Coombs kuaj: Kev kuaj ntshav nrhiav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas tuaj yeem khi rau thiab rhuav tshem cov qe ntshav liab. Cov poj niam cev xeeb tub thiab cov neeg muaj ntshav qab zib yuav raug kuaj Coombs.
  • Ntshav kab lis kev cai: Kev kuaj ntshav txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau kis kab mob hauv cov hlab ntsha. Yog tias muaj kab mob los yog lwm yam kab mob, lawv tuaj yeem sib ntxiv hauv cov ntshav kuaj, tso cai rau lawv txheeb xyuas.
  • Kev kawm sib xyaw: Kev kuaj ntshav txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov laj thawj vim li cas cov ntshav "nyias dhau" (hloov tsis zoo rau cov ntshav txhaws). Tus neeg mob cov ntshav tau muab sib xyaw rau hauv ib lub raj uas muaj cov ntshav ib txwm muaj, thiab cov ntshav sib xyaw ua ke tuaj yeem muab kev kuaj mob.
  • Pob txha pob txha biopsy: Ib rab koob tuab yog ntxig rau hauv cov pob txha loj (feem ntau hauv lub duav), thiab cov pob txha pob txha raug kos rau kev kuaj. Bone marrow biopsy tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas cov ntshav uas kuaj ntshav yooj yim ua tsis tau.

kho ntshav

  • Tshuaj Kho Mob: Tshuaj tua kab mob qog noj ntshav. Leukemias thiab lymphomas feem ntau yog kho nrog kws khomob.
  • Kev muab ntshav: Tus neeg pub ntshav cov qe ntshav liab raug cais tawm ntawm lawv cov ntshav thiab ntim rau hauv ib lub hnab me me. Hloov cov ntshav liab uas muaj ntshav qab zib ntau ntau rau hauv tus neeg tau txais txiaj ntsig hloov ntshav poob.
  • Platelet Transfusion: Tus neeg pub ntshav cov ntshav tau muab cais tawm ntawm cov ntshav tas li thiab muab tso rau hauv hnab yas. Platelet transfusion feem ntau tsuas yog ua tau thaum platelet suav poob mus rau qib qis heev.
  • Cov ntshav khov tshiab: Cov ntshav pub ntshav plasma (cov ntshav ua kua) cais tawm ntawm cov qe ntshav, thiab khov rau khaws cia. Kev hloov ntshav plasma tuaj yeem txhim kho cov ntshav txhaws thiab tiv thaiv lossis tso tseg los ntshav uas yog vim muaj teeb meem txhaws ntshav.
  • Cryoprecipitate: Cov protein tshwj xeeb raug cais tawm ntawm cov ntshav thiab khov rau hauv cov kua me me. Cryoprecipitate transfusion tuaj yeem hloov cov ntshav txhaws cov protein tshwj xeeb thaum lawv qib qis, xws li hauv cov neeg mob hemophilia.
  • Anticoagulation: Cov tshuaj "nyias" cov ntshav thiab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob txhaws hauv cov neeg uas muaj kev pheej hmoo siab los ntawm cov ntshav txhaws. Heparin, enoxaparin (Lovenox) thiab warfarin (Coumadin) yog cov tshuaj feem ntau siv.
  • tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob: Aspirin thiab clopidogrel (Plavix) cuam tshuam nrog platelet ua haujlwm thiab pab tiv thaiv cov ntshav txhaws, suav nrog cov uas ua rau mob plawv thiab mob stroke.
  • Tshuaj tua kab mob: tshuaj tua kab mob thiab cab tuaj yeem kho cov kab mob ntshav los ntawm cov kab mob no.
  • Erythropoietin: Ib yam tshuaj uas tsim los ntawm lub raum uas txhawb nqa cov ntshav liab. Ib daim ntawv tsim ntawm erythropoietin tuaj yeem muab tau los txhim kho cov tsos mob ntawm ntshav qab zib.
  • Bloodletting: Hauv cov neeg uas muaj teeb meem tshwm sim los ntawm cov ntshav ntau dhau (xws li los ntawm hemochromatosis lossis polycythemia), qee zaus kev tswj cov ntshav yuav tsim nyog.

Pom zoo:

Nthuav cov khoom
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Koj tus menyuam kawm taug kev tuaj yeem yog qee lub sijhawm zoo siab tshaj plaws thiab nco txog lub sijhawm niam txiv. Txij li thaum tseem hluas, koj tus menyuam yaus ntxiv dag zog rau lawv cov leeg, maj mam npaj ua thawj kauj ruam. Feem ntau ntawm 6 thiab 13 lub hlis, koj tus menyuam yuav nkag mus.

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Thaum koj tus menyuam yug los, koj tuaj yeem tau txais daim ntawv qhia los taug qab koj tus menyuam cov ntaub so ntswg ntub dej thaum koj nyob ntawd. Cov kws kho mob xav kom paub tseeb tias muaj pes tsawg tus ntawm txhua hom pawm kom lawv paub tias koj tus menyuam tau kis cov khoom pov tseg hauv lawv lub cev thiab tshem tawm.